Type

Institutional Model

Representative Country

Province^a

I

Centralization management model based on national identity building

The U.S.

Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tibet Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Liaoning Province, Jilin Province

II

Co-management model driven by citizen’s recreations

England

Shanxi Province, Hunan Province, Jiangsu Province, Hubei Province, Beijing City, Tianjin City, Chongqing City, Shanghai City, Hebei Province, Anhui Province

III

Self-management model started from nature conservation

Australia

Helongjiang Province, Zhejiang Province, Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province, Fujian Province

IV

Sustainable management model oriented by ecological tourism

Japan, Finland

Jiangxi Province, Shandong Province, Henan Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangdong Province, Shaanxi Province