Authors & Year | Purpose | Country and Sample Size | Design | Assessment Tool | Result | Associated Risk Factors |
(Ai, Hall, Pargament, & Tice, 2013) | Explore the effect of preoperative religious coping on long-term postoperative personal growth and potential mediation in this effect | Michigan 481 | Longitudinal Twice before and 30 months after surgery by phone | SRGS | Spirituality may play a favorable role in cardiac patients’ posttraumatic growth after surviving a life-altering operation | Religious coping. Medical indices, optimistic expectations, social support, and mental health |
(Bethell, 2014) | Effect of psychoeducation intervention on PTSD after cardiac surgery | New Zealand 33 | RCT Before and 3 times after discharge | IES-R | PTSD range from 10% - 15%, and the majority of participants who received the intervention demonstrated a reduction in PTSD symptoms and an increase in coping behaviors r/t recovery after cardiac surgery | Not discussed |
(Bhuvaneswar, Ruskin, Katzman, Wood, & Pitman, 2014) | To test the effect of beta blockers that penetrate the brain in lowering the occurrence of PTSD after ICD implementation | USA 18 pts | Cross sectional | PCL | Pts taking beta blocker that penetrating brain barrier had less severe PTSD symptoms (35%) than patients who had been taking non penetrating | Beta blocker Medical comorbidities |
(Bluvstein, Moravchick, Heps, Schreiber, & Bloch, 2013) | Estimate posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among heart disease survivors and examine if PTG moderates the association between PTSS and mental health | Tel-Aviv Survivors from MI or CABG 82 pts | Cross sectional | PTSD inventory PTGI SF-12 PWB PD | 17.1% had PTSS and 71.2% reported PTG. PTSS were positively associated with PTG and negatively with well-being and HRQOL. PTG moderated the association between PTSS and most mental health outcomes | Posttraumatic growth Sociodempgraphic |