Self-esteem

Self-efficacy

Depression

Anxiety

Total average score

21.7 ± 4.5

26.4 ± 5.5

11.9 ± 5.8

31.9 ± 8.8

Pattern with equal and close distances among the three members

22.4 ± 4.2

26.7 ± 4.8

11.3 ± 5.5

31.0 ± 6.7

Pattern with equal and intermediate distances among the three members

21.9 ± 3.9

26.3 ± 4.1

12.6 ± 5.8

33.2 ± 7.2

Pattern with equal and long distances among the three members

21.9 ± 3.7

26.0 ± 5.0

12.1 ± 4.6

33.3 ± 8.8

Pattern with a close distance between mother and father

21.9 ± 4.5

26.4 ± 5.0

11.6 ± 5.5

33.8 ± 9.1

Pattern with a close distance between mother and child

22.0 ± 3.3

28.0 ± 4.9

12.2 ± 5.6

32.7 ± 7.2

Pattern with a close distance between father and child

20.9 ± 5.3

27.0 ± 3.8

15.4 ± 8.3

32.9 ± 6.9

Pattern with equal distances between two members

20.0 ± 4.5

25.6 ± 4.0

15.0 ± 5.3

35.5 ± 9.1

Significant difference

N.S.

N.S.

p < 0.01

p < 0.01