G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

ANCOVA

Scheff’s Post-hoc

F

η2

p

G1, G2, G3, G4, G5

G1, (G2 + G3), (G4 + G5)

Symptoms of falling

M

0.5

0.7

0.8

1.2

1.5

15.0*

0.13

0.00

G1 < G4, G5

G1 < G4+G5

SD

0.7

0.8

0.8

1.0

1.0

MAX

2

3

3

3

3

MIN

0

0

0

0

0

Disease and

physical symptoms

M

2.6

3.8

3.9

4.7

5.1

16.9*

0.15

0.00

G1 < G4, G5

G1 < G2 + G3, G4 + G5

SD

1.6

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.6

MAX

8

9

7

8

9

MIN

0

0

0

1

2

Environment

M

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.4

1.4

2.48

0.03

0.04

-

-

SD

0.8

0.7

0.8

0.8

1.0

MAX

3

3

3

3

3

MIN

0

0

0

0

0

Behavior and

character

M

3.7

3.6

3.8

3.7

4.0

0.86

0.01

0.49

-

-

SD

1.2

1.2

1.5

1.2

1.3

MAX

7

7

7

7

7

MIN

0

1

1

1

1

Physical

function

M

5.2

6.9

7.8

13.4

15.2

69.4*

0.42

0.00

G1, G2, G3 < G4, G5 G1 < G3

G1 < G2 + G3 < G4 + G5

SD

3.5

3.9

3.6

2.8

3.0

MAX

14

18

16

19

21

MIN

0

0

2

6

10

Total

fall risk score

M

13.0

16.1

17.5

24.3

27.1

64.0

0.40

0.00

G1 < G2, G3 < G4, G5

G1 < G2 + G3 < G4 + G5

SD

5.0

5.7

4.9

4.5

4.7

MAX

25

33

29

33

34

MIN

3

5

9

9

18