Nail changes

No. of subjects

Chi-Square

P-value

Study group

Control

Male No. & %

Female No. & %

Total No. & %

Male No. & %

Female No. & %

Total No. & %

1

Dull opaque

43(86%)

42(84%)

85

0

0

0

144.8

0.000

2

Rough lusterless

44(88%)

40(80%)

84

0

0

0

144.8

0.000

3

Longitudinal ridging

43(86%)

28(56%)

71

0

0

0

107.6

0.000

4

Altered thickness

14(28%)

16(32%)

30

0

0

0

35.2

0.000

5

Ragged cuticle

18(36%)

12(24%)

30

2(4%)

0

2

29

0.000

6

Altered contour

8(16%)

20(40%)

28

0

2(4%)

2

26.5

0.000

7

Subungual hyperkeratosis

12(24%)

9(18%)

21

0

0

0

22.2

0.000

8

Scaling nail folds

4(8%)

8(16%)

12

0

0

0

12.7

0.000

9

Onychoschizia

4(8%)

4(8%)

8

0

0

0

8.3

0.004

10

Brittle nails

4(8%)

4(8%)

8

0

0

0

8.3

0.004

11

Onychomycosis

0

5(10%)

5

0

0

0

6.1

0.013

12

Shiny nails

4(8%)

0

4

0

0

0

4

0.043

13

Normal nails

2(4%)

0

2

44(88%)

24(48%)

68

95.7

0.000

14

Pitting

6(12%)

2(4%)

8

0

2(4%)

2

3.7

0.052

15

Onychlysis

4(8%)

4(8%)

8

0

2(4%)

2

3.7

0.052

16

Splinter hemorrhage

4(8%)

0

4

2(4%)

0

2

0.687

0.407

17

Beau’s lines

2(4%)

2(4%)

4

0

4(8%)

4

0

1.000

18

Chromonychia

6(12%)

8(16%)

14

8(16%)

8(16%)

16

0.157

0.692

19

Subungual hematoma

4(8%)

0

4

2(4%)

0

2

0.687

0.407

20

Paronychia

0

3(6%)

3

0

0

0

2.02

0.155

21

Trachyonychia

0

2(4%)

2

0

0

0

2.02

0.155

22

Longitudinal Splitting

2(4%)

0

2

0

0

0

2.02

0.155

Others

23

Congenital malalignment big toenail

0

1(2%)

1

0

0

0

2.02

0.155

Glomus tumor

1(2%)

0

1

0

0

0

2.02

0.155

Ingrowing nail

0

2(4%)

2

0

4(8%)

4

0.687

0.407