In vitro

In vivo

SEM

P-value

Eh1, mV

T0

–115

–157

7.34

0.002

T8

–189

–189

4.48

0.996

pH

T0

6.91

6.66

0.03

<0.0001

T8

6.82

6.62

0.03

<0.0001

rH2

T0

10.0

8.1

0.28

<0.0001

T8

7.3

6.9

0.17

0.235

Total VFA, mM

T0

27.9

71.5

4.51

<0.0001

T8

54.9

65.0

1.83

0.001

Acetate, mM

T0

20.2

51.8

3.26

<0.0001

T8

38.1

46.5

1.32

<0.0001

Propionate, mM

T0

4.8

12.5

0.83

<0.0001

T8

10.4

11.4

0.34

0.049

Butyrate, mM

T0

2.0

5.2

0.33

<0.0001

T8

4.6

5.6

0.17

0.001