| Trial | Population | N | Intervention | Conclusions | Comments |
| ROADMAP | T2DM without microalbuminuria | 4449 | Olmesartan vs. placebo | Olmesartan delayed the onset of microalbuminuria | Olmesartan group had lower BPs and more CV deaths |
| IRMA-2 | T2DM and microalbuminuria | 590 | Irbesartan 150 mg vs. irbesartan 300 mg vs. placebo | Irbesartan reduced the development of overt proteinuria | Subgroup analysis suggested a dose-dependent effect |
| Captopril Trial | T1DM with proteinuria | 409 | Captopril 25 mg 3×/d vs. placebo | Captopril reduced the risk for doubling of SCr as a primary outcome and death, dialysis therapy, or transplantation as a secondary outcome |
|
| IDNT | T2DM with proteinuria and reduced kidney function | 1715 | Irbesartan vs. amlodipine vs. placebo | Irbesartan reduced the risk for doubling of SCr, ESRD, or death |
|
| RENAAL | T2DM with proteinuria and reduced kidney function | 1513 | Losartan vs. placebo | Losartan reduced the risk for doubling of SCr, ESRD, or death |
|
| ONTARGET | Patients with CV risk | 25,620 | Ramipril vs. telmisartan vs. telmisartan and ramipril | No CV benefit among the 3 arms; proteinuria reduction in combination therapy arm | Increase in “DDT” events in combination therapy arm |
| VA NEPRON-D | T2DM and proteinuria | 1448 | Losartan and lisinopril vs. losartan and placebo | Trial terminated early due to AKI events and hyperkalemia in combination therapy arm |
|
| ALTITUDE | T2DM, proteinuria, and CV risk | 8561 | ACEi or ARB and aliskiren vs. ACEi or ARB and placebo | Trial terminated early due to increase in adverse events and no apparent benefit in the dual-therapy arm |
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