| Trial | Population | N | Intervention Target | Achieved Intervention | Findings in Intensive Care Group | Comments |
| DCCT | T1DM | 1441 | Intensive therapy targeting fasting and postprandial blood glucose vs. conventional therapy | HbA1c 7.3% vs. 9.1% | Decreased microvascular complications (including microalbuminuria, proteinuria, retinopathy, and neuropathy) |
|
| EDIC | T1DM | 1375 patients that completed DCCT | Observational follow-up of DCCT with all getting intensive therapy | HbA1c 7.8% vs. 7.9% | Reduction in microalbuminuria and proteinuria |
|
| UKPDS | Newly Diagnosed T2DM | 3867 | Intensive therapy targeting a fasting blood glucose vs. conventional therapy | HbA1c 7% vs. 7.9% | Reduction in any diabetes-related end point in aggregate | Reduction not seen in kidney-specific events (microalbuminuria, proteinuria, or doubling of Scr) |
| ACCORD | T2DM and CV event history or risk | 10,251 | HbA1c < 6.0% vs. 7% - 7.9% | HbA1c 6.4% vs. 7.5% | Increased CV and total mortality | No benefit on kidney end points |
| ADVANCE | T2DM and CV event history or risk | 11,140 | HbA1c < 6.5% vs. routine care | HbA1c 6.3% vs. 7.0% | No benefit on CV outcomes; reduction in microvascular events | Albuminuria reduced by 21% |
| VADT | T2DM and poor BP control | 1791 | Reduction in HbA1c of 1.5% vs. routine care | HbA1c 6.9% vs. 8.4% | No benefit | No benefit on kidney end points |