Women

Men

Restricted access to natural resources

Firewood (increased time, labour,

health effects-miscarriage, chest,

back pains, falls);

Fodder (increased time, labour,

health effects-miscarriage, chest,

back pains, falls);

Loss of livelihoods (selling

firewood, fodder, charcoal);

Physical impacts (harassment, tools

confiscated, rape, beatings);

Psychological effects (fear, stress);

Increased cost of living (buying

fodder, firewood).

Loss of source of income (selling

fodder, firewood, charcoal, honey,

wildlife meat);

Loss of source of protein (traditional

hunting);

Physical impacts (beatings, death,

imprisonment);

Psychological effects (fear, stress);

Increased cost of living (fines, buying fodder, firewood).

Human-wildlife conflicts

Crop raiding (food insecurity,

economic loss, increased

agricultural labour);

Livestock killings, injuries

Destruction of water infrastructure

(increased labour and time to

search for water);

Psychological impacts (fear);

Limited freedom of movement at

night;

Sleepless nights (guarding crops);

Fencing (increased time, labour,

resources);

Increased living costs (buying food,

buying materials for mitigation measures, paying for guarding crops when time is not available).

Crop raiding (economic loss, increased

agricultural labour);

Human injuries, death;

Livestock killings, injuries (income

loss);

Sleepless nights (guarding crops);

Psychological impacts (fear);

Limited freedom to stay outside at

night;

Destruction of water infrastructure;

Increased living costs (buying food,

buying materials for mitigation measures, paying for guarding crops when time is not available).

Relationship

Enmity

Enmity