| Models | Chi Square | Df | CFI | RMSEA | Model comparison | ΔCFI | ΔRMSEA |
| DASS-21 (N = 2272) Measurement Invariance Across Gender | |||||||
| M1. Configural Invariance | 1396.27 | 366 | .945 | .050 |
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| M2. Weak Invariance | 1433.56 | 384 | .944 | .049 | M2-M1 | −.001 | −.001 |
| M3. Strong Invariance | 1524.97 | 405 | .941 | .049 | M3-M2 | −.003 | .000 |
| M4. Strict Invariance | 1658.08 | 430 | .935 | .050 | M4-M3 | −.006 | .001 |
| DASS-9 (N = 2272) Measurement Invariance Across Gender | |||||||
| M1. Configural Invariance | 154.50 | 46 | .981 | .046 |
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| M2. Weak Invariance | 163.93 | 52 | .980 | .044 | M2-M1 | −.001 | −.002 |
| M3. Strong Invariance | 236.33 | 63 | .969 | .049 | M3-M2 | −.011 | .005 |
| M4. Strict Invariance | 218.04 | 70 | .974 | .043 | M4-M3 | .005 | −.006 |