| Treatment | Days | Total endosulfan (α + β-endosulfan) concentration (mg/kg) | Proportion of endosulfan removed (%) | |
| Control (without any treatment) | 0 | 1139.84 ± 0.93 | 0 | |
| 7 | 1053.14 ± 1.35 | 7.61 ± 0.12 | ||
| 14 | 1010.95 ± 1.68 | 11.31 ± 0.15 | ||
| 21 | 926.03 ± 5.31 | 18.76 ± 0.47 | ||
| 28 | 910.42 ± 3.77 | 20.13 ± 0.33 | ||
| Control (with added nZVI) | 0 | 1139.84 ± 0.93 | 0 | |
| 7 | 942.71 ± 1.75 | 17.29 ± 0.15 | ||
| 14 | 905.93 ± 3.32 | 20.52 ± 0.29 | ||
| 21 | 627.10 ± 1.13 | 44.98 ± 0.10 | ||
| 28 | 511.87 ± 1.55 | 55.09 ± 0.14 | ||
| Alpinia calcarata (phytoremediation) | 0 | 1139.84 ± 0.93 | 0 | |
| 7 | 550.10 ± 1.52 | 51.74 ± 0.13 | ||
| 14 | 501.05 ± 0.32 | 56.04 ± 0.03 | ||
| 21 | 232.14 ± 0.43 | 79.63 ± 0.04 | ||
| 28 | 214.33 ± 2.23 | 81.20 ± 0.20 | ||
| Alpinia calcarata (nano-phytoremediation) | 0 | 1139.84 ± 0.93 | 0 | |
| 7 | 202.64 ± 1.65 | 82.20 ± 0.14 | ||
| 14 | 83.59 ± 1.09 | 92.67 ± 0.10 | ||
| 21 | 57.94 ± 0.96 | 94.92 ± 0.08 | ||
| 28 | BDL | »100 | ||
| Ocimum sanctum (phytoremediation) | 0 | 1139.84 ± 0.93 | 0 | |
| 7 | 1045.80 ± 2.01 | 8.25 ± 0.18 | ||
| 14 | 932.74 ± 1.57 | 18.17 ± 0.14 | ||
| 21 | 920.42 ± 2.33 | 19.25 ± 0.20 | ||
| 28 | 903.19 ± 1.70 | 20.76 ± 0.15 | ||
| Ocimum sanctum (nano-phytoremediation) | 0 | 1139.84 ± 0.93 | 0 | |
| 7 | 1015.50 ± 2.02 | 10.91 ± 0.18 | ||
| 14 | 732.25 ± 1.07 | 35.76 ± 0.09 | ||
| 21 | 366.65 ± 1.17 | 67.83 ± 0.10 | ||
| 28 | 270.42 ± 2.16 | 76.28 ± 0.19 | ||
| Cymbopogon citratus (phytoremediation) | 0 | 1139.84 ± 0.93 | 0 | |
| 7 | 1085.06 ± 1.05 | 4.81 ± 0.09 | ||
| 14 | 456.05 ± 0.86 | 59.99 ± 0.12 | ||
| 21 | 433.13 ± 1.26 | 62.0 ± 0.08 | ||
| 28 | 398.09 ± 1.51 | 65.08 ± 0.13 | ||
| Cymbopogon citratus (nano-phytoremediation) | 0 | 1139.84 ± 0.93 | 0 | |
| 7 | 427.11 ± 0.76 | 62.53 ± 0.07 | ||
| 14 | 213.80 ± 1.02 | 81.24 ± 0.09 | ||
| 21 | 183.63 ± 0.99 | 83.89 ± 0.09 | ||
| 28 | 157.73 ± 1.07 | 86.16 ± 0.09 |