Trich. species period

Exposure

Adult emergence time (days) Deltamethrin

(±SD)^a Spinosad

Control

T. oleae

3 days

8.10 ± 0.14^a

7.07 ± 0.23^a

6.05 ± 0.19^a

10 days

7.80 ± 0.45^b

6.93 ± 0.31^a

6.22 ± 0.22^a

17 days

7.20 ± 0.52^b

6.86 ± 0.51^a

6.35 ± 0.51^a

24 days

6.00 ± 0.41^c

6.03 ± 0.35^b

5.80 ± 0.47^a

31 days

6.41 ± 0.33^c

6.16 ± 0.51^b

6.25 ± 0.45^a

T. cacoeciae

3 days

7.73 ± 0.59^a

7.71 ± 0.50^a

6.56 ± 0.51^a

10 days

7.53 ± 0.51^a

7.17 ± 0.33^b

6.49 ± 0.11^a

17 days

7.50 ± 0.13^a

6.86 ± 0.81^b

6.33 ± 0.50^a

24 days

6.61 ± 0.74^b

6.29 ± 0.21^c

6.37 ± 0.54^a

31 days

06.09 ± 0.45^b

6.00 ± 0.53^c

6.13 ± 0.63^a

T. bourarachae

3 days

7.30 ± 0.12^a

7.06 ± 0.70^a

6.13 ± 0.74^a

10 days

7.28 ± 0.20^a

7.09 ± 0.79^a

6.03 ± 0.96^a

17 days

7.51 ± 0.02^a

6.86 ± 0.90^a

6.00 ± 0.94^a

24 days

7.57 ± 0.80^a

6.80 ± 0.45^a

6.06 ± 0.74^a

31 days

07.21 ± 0.17^a

6.76 ± 0.79^a

6.00 ± 0.53^a