Latent variables | Number | Risk types | Resource |
Financial deficit | CZ1 | 1. Capital shortage of initial project. | Long et al. (2004), Abdul-Rahman et al. (2009) |
CZ2 | 2. Difficult turnover capital. | Alaghbari et al. (2007) | |
CZ3 | 3. Total investment amount is large. | Alzahrani & Emsley (2013) | |
CZ4 | 4. Project loan is difficult. | Alzahrani & Emsley (2013), Abdul-Rahman et al. (2009), Fugar & Agyakwah-Baah (2010) | |
Slow payment | ZF1 | 1. The owner payment is slow. | Le-Hoai et al. (2008), Abdul-Rahman et al. (2009), Fugar & Agyakwah-Baah (2010) |
ZF2 | 2. Settlement work of contractor to subcontractor is slow. | Long et al. (2004), Le-Hoai et al. (2008) | |
ZF3 | 3. Settlement procedures of completed work are complex. | Abdul-Rahman et al. (2009) | |
ZF4 | 4. Acceptance supervision of completed work is too slowly. | Long et al. (2004), Enshassi A. et al. (2010) | |
ZF5 | 5. The owner, contractor and supervision have interest contradiction. | Long et al. (2004), Alzahrani & Emsley (2013), Enshassi A. et al. (2010) | |
ZF6 | 6. The increased workload settlement is contradicted. | Abdul-Rahman (2009) | |
ZF7 | 7. File management of settlement amount is improper. | Long et al. (2004), Abdul-Rahman et al. (2009) | |
Fiscal mismanagement | CZM1 | 1. Funds allocation of owner used is not reasonable. | Long et al. (2004), Abdul-Rahman et al. (2009) |
CZM2 | 2. Owners lack of cash flow forecast of management project. | Alzahrani & Emsley (2013) | |
CZM3 | 3. The contractor’s financial difficulties and mismanagement. | Long et al. (2004), Alzahrani & Emsley (2013), Abdul-Rahman et al. (2009) et al. | |
CZM4 | 4. The contractor’s loans difficulty. | Abdul-Rahman et al. (2009) et al. | |
CZM5 | 5. Tender offer is low. | Long et al. (2004), Abdul-Rahman et al. (2009) | |
CZM6 | 6. The project corruption, such as bribes and kickbacks. | Long et al. (2004), Enshassi A et al. (2010) | |
CZM7 | 7. The contractor contracts projects too much at the same time. | Abdul-Rahman et al. (2009) | |
Financial market changes | JRSC1 | 1. Prices of construction materials | Long et al. (2004), Thi & Swierczek (2010), Fugar & Agyakwah-Baah (2010) |
JRSC2 | 2. Appreciation of exchange rate | Long et al. (2004), Thi & Swierczek (2010), Abdul-Rahman et al. (2009) | |
JRSC3 | 3. Increasing of loan interest rate | Thi & Swierczek (2010), bdul-Rahman et al. (2009) | |
Imperfect construction of policies and regulations | ZC1 | 1. Investment policy of infrastructure construction changes | Odeh & Battaineh (2002), Thi & Swierczek (2010) |
ZC2 | 2. Bidding management policy is not perfect. | Long et al. (2004), Thi & Swierczek (2010) | |
ZC3 | 3. Tax policy is not stable. | Long et al. (2004), Thi & Swierczek (2010) | |
ZC4 | 4. Land expropriation policy changes. | Thi & Swierczek (2010) | |
ZC5 | 5. Wage policy is not stable. | Thi & Swierczek (2010) |