Sperm morphology (%)

Semen collection techniques

AV

EE

Viability

Live

72.0 ± 21.0a

69.0 ± 17.8b

Dead

30.5 ± 12.8a

35.2 ± 6.8b

Live sperm abnormalities

Head

4.2 ± 3.7a

6.8 ± 4.5a

Mid-piece

3.8 ± 2.8a

6.8 ± 5.3a

Tail

2.3 ± 1.7a

2.3 ± 1.6a