Disturbance characteristics

Habitat types

Roadsides (n = 12)

Natural areas (n = 12)

Abandoned plots (n = 12)

Vehicular

Dust deposition

Yes

No

No

Automobile waste

Yes

No

No

Anthropogenic

Road construction material

Yes

No

No

Construction debris

No

Yes

No

Plastic wastes

No

Yes

Yes

Human trampling

No

Yes

No

Bio-excreta

No

Yes

Yes