Experimental conditions | Sorbing materials | Aquatic medium | Kd Values (L/kg) | Metal initial concentration | References |
Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 0.5: 50; pH: (2 - 8); contact time: (5 - 300 min) | clay | Ultrapure water | 0 < Kd < 150 | 40 - 2000 mg/L | |
Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 1:10; pH: (4.80 - 7.50); contact time: 6 days; 25˚C) | Soil (Mono-metal Experiment) | Water | 0.43 | 0 - 100 mg/L | |
Soil (Multi-metal Experiment) | 0.57 | ||||
Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 1: 20; pH: 5; contact time: 6 h) | Soil | Water | 1235 - 3227 | 10 - 200 mg/L | |
Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 0.4: 40; pH: 5; contact time: 6 h) | Shekarbani soil series | Water | 9.0 - 3010 | 20 - 2000 mg/L | |
Sepidan soil series | 42 - 7495 | ||||
Kd values were calculated directly from the retardation factor (R) and soil properties. | loamy sand media | 1000 | Mean C0 (μg/L)-(68) | | |
Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 1:20; pH: 7.5 - 8.55; contact time: 8 h) | River sediments (BRS1) | Milli-Q water | 1.08 | | |
Batch method (solid-solution ratio: 1:10; pH: 5.5 - 6.0; contact time: 24 h) | Soil | Water | 50.5 - 7368.7 | 1000 mg·L−1 | |
Batch competitive sorption method (solid-solution ratio: 1:20; pH: 3 - 7; contact time: 30 - 1440 min; 26˚C) | Untreated soil | Water | 0.01 - 0.17 | (200 mg/L) | |
IO-removed soil | 0.00 - 8.33 | ||||
OM-removed soil | 0.14 - 1.70 | ||||
Batch method (Desorption) | sediments | Water | 3.58 - 5.41 | | |
Batch desorption method (solid-solution ratio: 5:25; pH: 7.4; contact time: 48 h; 25˚C) | Calcareous Soils | Water | 72 - 3100 | | |
Calcareous Soils | 169 - 13,021 | ||||
Calcareous Soils | 332 - 10,727 | ||||
Calcareous Soils | 189 - 6888 | ||||
Batch desorption method (solid-solution ratio: 5:500; pH: 4; contact time: 24 h) | Soil (SA) | 0.6 - 5.31 | 30 - 100 mg/L | | |
Soil (SE) | 0.55 - 3.41 | ||||
Batch experiment (pH: 7.99 - 8.35) | Surface water sediments | Water | 68.46 | | |
Pore water sediments | 55.06 |