Total (N = 161)

Native Chinese Children (N = 81)

Chinese- Immigrant Children in US (N = 47)

Non-Immigrant Children in US

(N = 33)

p value*

p value**

Age, years old, mean ± SD

14.48 ± 1.55

14.75 ± 1.42

14.98 ± 1.67

13.12 ± 0.65

0.4189

<0.0001

School Grade, N (%)

Less than 9th grade

9th grade

Over 9th grade

60 (37.3%)

60 (37.3%)

41 (25.4%)

16 (19.75%)

50 (61.73%)

15 (18.52%)

11 (23.40%)

10 (21.28%)

26 (55.32%)

33 (100%)

<0.0001

<0.0001

Siblings, N (%)

0 Siblings

0 < Siblings

49 (30.4%)

112 (69.6%)

40 (49.38%)

41 (50.62%)

5 (10.64%)

42 (89.36%)

4 (12.1%)

29 (87.9%)

<0.0001

0.001

Parental involvement in Extracurr. Activities, Mean ± SD

5.08 ± 2.97

4.78 ± 3.11

4.86 ± 2.73

6.09 ± 2.77

0.8939

0.053

Female Gender, N (%)

102 (63.4%)

49 (60.49%)

31 (65.96%)

22 (66.7%)

0.5382

0.947

Stress from school, Mean ± SD

6.27 ± 2.65

6.31 ± 2.64

6.2 ± 2.68

NA

0.8103

NA

Stress from Extracurr. Activities, Mean ± SD

4.15 ± 2.92

3.73 ± 3

4.87 ± 2.65

NA

0.0320

NA

Stress of parents’ expectations, Mean ± SD

5.86 ± 2.9

5.89 ± 2.99

5.82 ± 2.77

NA

0.8964

NA