Author

Patient

Method

Main Outcome Measures

Results

Huttunen et al. [25]

84 T1DM (6.3 - 18.8 yrs.)

94 healthy controls (8.5 - 18.8 yrs.)

Submaximal progressive exercise test

HbA1c

PWC is lower in T1DM boys

PWC is inversely related to age (p < 0.01) and HbA1c (p ≤ 0.025)

Ludvigsson et al. [26]

143 T1DM (1 - 16 yrs.; 7.3 ± 3.9 yrs.)

Weekly history of physical activity

Glycosuria

Positive correlation between degree of exercise and metabolic control (r = 0.54, p < 0.001)

Huttunen et al. [27]

32 T1DM (8.2 - 16.9 yrs.; 11.9 yrs.)

Exercise group (n = 16), 1 h/wk of training for 3 mo.

Non exercise group (n = 16), 1 h/wk of non-physical activity for 3 mo.

HbA1c

HbA1c was significantly better among T1DM subjects participating frequently (≥11 - 13 sessions) than among those participating infrequently (<11 -13 sessions)

Sackey et al. [28]

135 T1DM children

Home diary for 6 days period to record details of physical activity

Fructosamine

Blood glucose

Subscapular skin fold thickness

Negative correlation between early morning activity and blood glucose (p = 0.004)

Herbst et al. [29]

19.143 T1DM (3 - 20 yrs.)

Recording frequency of RPA

HbA1c

BMI

Hypoglycemia

HbA1c is lower in groups with more frequent RPA

In female BMI is lower in groups with more frequent RPA No influence of RPA on hypoglycaemia

Dahl-Jorgensen et al. [30]

22 T1DM (11 yrs.)

Exercise group (n = 14), 1 h/twice weekly of supervised exercise program for 5 mo.

Non exercise group (n = 8)

HbA1c

Blood Glucose

Glycosuria

Insulin-dosage per kilo body weight

No change in blood glucose, insulin dosage and glycosuria Reduction of HbA1c from 15.1 ± 2.2 to 13.8 ± 1.9 (p < 0.001)

Stratton et al. [31]

16 T1DM adolescents

Supervised exercise group (n = 8), 8 wk program of supervised exercise Non supervised exercise group (n = 8), 8 wk program of non supervised exercise

Glycosylated serum albumin

Blood glucose

Improvement of glycosylated serum albumin and of blood glucose values in the supervised exercise group

Campaigne et al. [32]

19 T1DM (5 - 11 yrs.)

Exercise group (n = 9), 30 minutes of vigorous exercise, 3 times/wk for 12 wks

Non exercise group (n = 10)

HbA1c

Blood glucose

Decrease of HbA1c and blood glucose in the exercise group

Mauvais-Jarvis et al. [33]

12 T1DM adults (32 ± 7 yrs.)

1. Occasion, 60-min high-intensity cycle exercise performed with the usual morning insulin dose

2. Occasion, 60-min high-intensity cycle exercise performed after 50% - 90% reduction of morning insulin dose

Blood glucose

T1DM patients can perform intense muscle exercise after a 50% - 90% without worsening metabolic control

Mosher et al. [34]

10 T1DM (17.2 ± 1.2 yrs.)

10 healthy controls (19.4 ± 1.3 yrs.)

Mixed endurance and calisthenic/strength

Activities performed at a rapid pace three times weekly for 12 wks

Blood glucose

HbA1c

Lean/Fat body mass

Increase in lean body mass

Reduction in body fat

No change in blood glucose

Reduction of 0.96% in HbA1c

Larsson et al. [35]

6 T1DM (15 - 19 yrs.)

6 healthy controls (15 - 19 yrs.)

Training program consisting in 5 months’ regular physical activity

VO2 max

Heart volume

Glycosuria

CHO intake

Similar and significant increase in VO2 max and heart volume in both groups

Unchanged glycosuria after increase of CHO intake