variable

level value

First order difference value

LLC test

ADP test

PP test

LLC test

ADP test

PP test

lngdp

7.486 (1.000)

3.323 (1.000))

2.667 (1.000)

−5.338 (0.000*）

66.778 (0.024**)

69.400 (0.015**)

lntii

3/394 (0.999)

10.414 (1.000)

11.596 (1.000)

−−9.685 (0.000*)

101.477 (0.000*)

153.811 (0.000*)

lnfai

14.814 (1.000)

1.886 (1.000)

0.019 (1.000)

−6.139 (0.000*)

121.327 (0.000*)

139.100 (0.000*)

lnfdi

5.365 (1.000)

8.637 (1.000)

6.755 (1.000)

−14.709 (0.000*)

255.783 (0.000*)

249.036 (0.000*)

lniet

−0.843 (0.199)

9.563 (1.000)

14.737 (1.000)

−16.3811 (0.000)

224.759 (0.000*)

341.786 (0.000*)

lnfbe

−0.938 (0.174)

48.291 (0.381)

46.008 (0.472)

−6.693 (0.000*)

111.029 (0.000*)

162.114 (0.000*)

lnrd

7.223 (1.000)

3.084 (1.000)

2.299 (1.000)

−32.950 (0.000*)

263.251 (0.000*)

287.169 (0.000*)

lnocs

2.886 (0.998)

10.474 (0.999)

1.307 (1.000)

−18.639 (0.000*)

128.757 (0.000*)

216.661 (0.000*)

lnrde

3.833 (0.999)

27.491 (0.986)

31.887 (0.943)

−7.283 (0.000*)

101.759 (0.000*)

109.335 (0.000*)