model

Variable

Unfixed effect

Spatial fixed effect

Time fixed effect

Time-spatil effect

Two kinds of spatial weights

Distance decay weights

Geographical weights

Distance decay weights

Geographical weights

Distance decay weights

Geographical weights

Distance decay weights

Geographical weights

Spatial lag panel data model

The constant term

−33.574***

−33.142***

−33.825

−33.381

−40.211

−34.161

−40.657

−33.536

Life expectancy

6.817***

6.844***

6.968***

6.993***

7.362***

7.541***

7.586***

7.815***

Physical capital

1.154***

1.156***

1.074***

1.081***

1.114***

1.111***

1.079***

1.061***

Primary education

2.976*

2.426

4.471***

3.906**

4.797***

4.727***

6.452***

6.379***

Secondary education

0.716***

0.696***

0.822***

0.797***

0.046

0.082

0.194

0.250*

Higher education

12.215***

12.194***

11.888***

11.905***

11.299***

11.270***

11.304***

11.152***

W*dep.var.

−0.027

0.0830**

0.008

0.0545

0.389***

0.401***

0.353***

0.564***

R-squared

0.863

0.864

0.881

0.882

0.906

0.906

0.920

0.922

sigma^2

0.136

0.135

0.118

0.118

0.093

0.094

0.079

0.078

log-likelihood

−248.499

−246.658

−206.012

−205.029

−139.718

−139.188

−92.285

−87.379

Spatial error panel data model

The constant term

−37.184***

−36.661***

−37.994

−36.918

−37.485

−38.143

−38.217

−38.972

Life expectancy

7.469***

7.109***

7.724***

7.336***

7.487604***

7.755***

7.708***

7.938***

Physical capital

1.101***

1.201***

1.056***

1.127***

1.111***

1.064***

1.076***

1.050***

Primary education

5.051***

4.580***

6.807***

5.998***

5.126***

5.387***

6.804***

7.2611***

Secondary education

0.136

−0.125

0.261*

−0.288**

0.052

−0.060

0.205

−0.231

Higher education

11.397***

11.961***

11.317***

11.746***

11.371***

11.096***

11.376***

11.246***

Spat.aut.

0.753***

0.726**

0.801***

0.681***

0.447***

−0.978***

0.423***

−0.985***

R-squared

0.850

0.850

0.869

0.876

0.9043

0.904

0.9186

0.919

sigma^2

0.095

0.106

0.079

0.092

0.093

0.088

0.079

0.074

log-likelihood

−159.449

−186.034

−106.236

−145.823

−138.491

−129.591

−90.541

−77.399