Model

Variable

Un-fixed effect

Spatial fixed effect

Time fixed effect

Time-spatial fixed effect

Two kinds of spatial weights

Distance decay weights

Geographic weights

Distance decay weights

Geographic weights

Distance decay weights

Geographic weights

Distance decay weights

Geographic weights

Spatial lag panel data model

Constant term

−23.99***

23.72***

−23.37

−23.11

−27.45

−21.09

−26.47

18.86

Life expectancy

9.21***

9.23***

9.17***

9.20***

8.20***

8.37***

8.43***

8.64***

Physical capital

0.66***

0.65***

0.68***

0.67***

0.55***

0.55***

0.61***

0.61***

The average years of schooling

0.23

0.31

0.01

0.10

1.60***

1.54***

1.17***

1.05***

W*dep.

var.

−0.06

0.13***

0.03

0.11***

0.41***

0.41***

0.35***

0.62***

R-squared

0.82

0.82

0.84

0.84

0.89

0.89

0.91

0.91

sigma^2

0.17

0.17

0.15

0.15

0.10

0.10

0.09

0.09

log-likelihood

−321.70

−318.27

−289.65

−286.78

−167.08

−166.69

−127.02

−121.96

Spatial error panel data

model

Constant term

−24.44***

−23.58***

−23.88

23.17

−24.27

−25.28

−23.74

−24.51

Life expectancy

8.46***

8.12***

8.63***

8.38***

8.30***

8.63***

8.52***

8.78***

Physical capital

0.58***

0.56***

0.63***

0.62***

0.56***

0.57***

0.62***

0.63***

The average years of schooling

1.43***

1.61***

1.04***

1.16***

1.61***

1.47***

1.16***

1.04***

Spat.aut.

0.814***

0.790***

0.846***

0.785***

0.424***

−0.974***

0.448***

−0.985***

R-squared

0.804

0.803

0.826

0.825

0.895

0.895

0.908

0.908

sigma^2

0.103

0.116

0.089

0.102

0.102

0.097

0.089

0.084

Log-likelihood

−186.316

−218.553

−140.419

−180.283

−166.249

−157.139

−125.451

−114.951