S. No.

Name of Plant/product

Type of Immunostimulatory acivity

Author

1

Glycyrrhizin (Glycosylated saponin)

Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and immunostimulatory activities.

Wada et al., 1987 [177]

2

Glycyrrhizin

Increased protection in yellowtail fish against E. seriola infection.

Edahiro et al. 1990, 1991 [178] [179]

3

in vitro treatment with glycyrrhizin

Enhanced respiratory burst activity of macrophages and proliferative responses of lymphocytes from rainbow trout.

Jang et al., 1995 [180]

4

Rainbow trout treated orally with soyabean protein

Increased leucocyte activities such as phagocytosis, bacterial killing and producation of superoxide.

Rumsey et al., 1994 [181]

5

The bath administration of saponin with Y. ruckeri vaccine

Enhanced the in vitro bactericidal activities in rainbow trout.

Grayson et al., 1987 [182]

6

The oral administration of saponin

Increased leucocyte migration in yellowtail.

Ninomiya et al., 1995 [183]

7

Immunostimulant effect of Spirulina

Tilapia ,

Channel catfish

Atlantic salmon.

Park and Jeong,1996 [184] ;

Duncan and Klesius, 1996 [185]

Gildberg et al., 1996 [186]

8

Immunostimulant effect of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract

Azadirachta indica, Piper betle, Crossandra infundibuliformis

Sodium benzoate preserved extracts

Enhanced antibody response to Aeromonas hydrophila.

Increase in antibody response and increase in neutrophil activity in Oreochromis mossambicus

Enhanced neutrophil activity in Tilapia.

Dinakaran, 2001 [187]

Dinakaran, 2001 [187]

Venkatalakshmi and Dinakaran Michael, 2001 [159]

9

Acetone extract of Phyllanthus niruri, Ocimum sanctum and Acalypha indica

Enhanced the antiSRBC antibody response in Tilapia.

Hemapriya, 1997 [188]

10

Catheranthus roseus, Calotropis gigantea and Datura stromoneum.

Immunostimulatory effect on Cyprinus carpio.

Kiran Kumar, 2001 [171]

11

Aqueous extract of neem stem bark

Enhance immune response of Balb-c mice to sheep red blood cells.

Nirjo and Kofi-Tsekpo, 1999 [44]

12

Aqueous extract of neem leaf

Potent immunostimulant activity humoral and cell- both mediated responses.

Sen et al., 1993 [163] ;

Ray et al., 1996 [165]

13

Leaf extract of neem

Higher IgM and IgG levels along with increased titer of antiovalbumin antibody.

Ray et al., 1996 [165]

14

Neem oil

Activate cell-mediated immune mechanisms to elicit an enhanced response to subsequent mitogenic or antigenic challenge.

Upadhyay et al., 1993 [166]

15

Achyranthes aspera

Stimulates immunity and increases resistance to infection in Indian major carps.

Chakrabarti, R. and Y.V. Rao (2006). [173]

16

Holy basil, Tulsi Ocimum sanctum

Enhanced immunostimulatory action in Rohu fish Labeo rohita.

Das et al., 2013 [144]