Variables

Positive Well-being

Negative Well-being I

Negative Well-being II

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

Model 6

Living arrangement variable (ref. = living with others)

1) Living with others

-

-

-

-

-

-

2) Living alone

−0.06

−0.18

0.37***

0.35***

0.06**

0.06*

3) In institution

0.07

−0.35

0.14

0.54*

0.17**

0.05

Intergenerational relation index

0.06***

−0.01

−0.02*

Social participation variable

0.22**

−0.14*

−0.01

Interaction terms

1) Alone*intergenerational relation

0.04

-

-

2) Alone*social participation

0.11

0.02

0.02

3) Institution*intergenerational relation

0.04

-

-

4) Institution*social participation

0.09

−0.50*

−0.10*

Control variables

1) Currently married

0.13*

0.06

−0.39***

−0.40***

−0.04*

−0.07***

2) Minority

−0.24*

−0.23*

0.26*

0.29*

−0.04

−0.04

3) Male

−0.14**

−0.13**

−0.09

−0.09

−0.02

−0.02

4) Urban

0.16**

0.12**

−0.22***

−0.21***

−0.03*

−0.03*

5) Age

0.01*

0.01

−0.01

−0.01

−0.01***

−0.01***

6) Household income

0.01***

0.01***

−0.01***

−0.01***

−0.01***

−0.01***

7) Education

0.04***

0.04***

−0.04***

−0.04***

−0.01

−0.01

8) Self-rated health

10.0***

10.0***

−0.76***

−0.74***

−0.16***

−0.16***

9) ADL disabilities

−0.11***

−0.10***

0.20***

0.20***

0.03***

0.04***

10) Spouse dead, ≤3 years

−0.09

−0.03

0.11

0.09

0.05*

0.03

Constant

6.9***

6.9***

9.6***

9.7***

1.3***

1.4***

N

5624

5356

5713

5437

5030

4803

Adjusted R2

0.27

0.27

0.19

0.19

0.08

0.08