Perineal Outcomes

Massage Groups (n = 30)

Exercise Groups

(n = 32)

Control Groups (n = 39)

Fisher Exact Test p

Episiotomy, n (%)

25 (83.3)

28 (87.5)

39 (100)

0.014*

Laceration, n (%)

5 (16.7)

18 (56.3)

32 (82.1)

X2 = 29.290

0.000*

Degree of Laceration, n (%)

None

1 degree

2 degree

3 degree

4 degree

25 (83.3)

2 (6.7)

1 (3.3)

2 (6.7)

0 (0.0)

14 (43.8)

11 (34.4)

5 (15.6)

2 (6.2)

0 (0.0)

7 (17.9)

5 (12.8)

15 (38.5)

10 (25.7)

2 (5.1)

Fisher exact test p = 0.000*

Mean number of packs of suture material (90 cm), n(%)

None

1 pack

2 packs

3 packs and above

3 (10.0)

22 (73.3)

2 (6.7)

3 (10.0)

2 (6.3)

11 (34.3)

14 (43.8)

5 (15.6)

0 (0.0)

3 (7.7)

14 (35.9)

22 (56.4)

X2 = 48.763

0.000*