Frequency Deviations (pu HZ) | ||||||||||
Controller | Area | Overshoots (MW) | Undershoot (MW) | Settling time (secs) | ||||||
Change in Load (+) | Change in Load (+) | Change in Load (+) | ||||||||
10% | 20% | 30% | 10% | 20% | 30% | 10% | 20% | 30% | ||
HCPSO | 1 | 0.3656 | 0.538 | 0.7104 | −0.391 | −0.473 | −0.555 | 15 | 16 | 16 |
2 | 0.4806 | 0.6643 | 0.848 | −0.367 | −0.504 | −0.641 | 14 | 17 | 15 | |
3 | 0.5726 | 0.8038 | 1.035 | −0.718 | −0.87 | −1.022 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
RCGA | 1 | 0.1285 | 0.0889 | 0.0493 | −0.342 | −0.484 | −0.626 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
2 | 0.2215 | 0.295 | 0.3685 | −0.379 | −0.477 | −0.575 | 21 | 21 | 23 | |
3 | 0.2282 | 0.2883 | 0.3484 | −0.701 | −0.833 | −0.965 | 26 | 26 | 26 | |
ANN | 1 | 0.0177 | 0.0354 | 0.0531 | −0.632 | −0.79 | −0.948 | 31 | 32 | 31 |
2 | 0.4806 | 0.9579 | 1.4352 | −0.752 | −0.922 | −1.092 | 33 | 33 | 33 | |
3 | 0.0283 | 0.0543 | 0.0803 | −0.859 | −1.041 | −1.223 | 28 | 31 | 30 | |
ANFIS | 1 | 0.2146 | 0.2531 | 0.2916 | −0.489 | −0.584 | −0.679 | 14 | 14 | 15 |
2 | 0.0414 | 0.0272 | 0.013 | −0.131 | −0.04 | 0.051 | 13 | 13 | 13 | |
3 | 0.2489 | 0.2122 | 0.1755 | -0.327 | -0.326 | -0.325 | 12 | 12 | 12 |