Variables

Before

After

Rank

Mean

Standard deviation

Mean

Standard deviation

↓

=

↑

Z

df

p

Declarative knowledge

0.75

0.851

3.90

2.511

0

2

18

−3.741

20

0.00

Procedural knowledge-concepts

0.75

0.910

2.25

1.118

0

1

19

−3.926

20

0.00

Total procedural knowledge

2.75

1.209

8.05

2.328

0

0

20

−3.947

20

0.00