| Variables | Before | After | Differences |
| |||||
| Mean | Standard deviation | Mean | Standard deviation | Mean | Standard deviation | t | df | p | |
| Procedural knowledge-rules | 2.00 | 1.026 | 5.80 | 1.473 | 3.80 | 1.576 | −10.782 | 19 | 0.00 |
| Total score | 3.50 | 1.573 | 11.95 | 4.478 | 8.45 | 3.649 | −10.357 | 19 | 0.00 |