S. No.

Author

(Year)

Study site (setting)

Sample size

Key findings

Parent to child transmission of HIV

1

Alvarez Uria G. (2012) [7]

Andhra Pradesh (Rural)

523

The overall HIV transmission rate from parent to child was 3.7%. The cumulative 12-month mortality was 9.6% for formula-fed infants versus 0.68% for breastfed infants.

2

Arora et al. (2014) [8]

Maharashtra

(Urban)

30

The overall transmission rate to infant till six weeks of age was 20%.

3

Goswami et al. (2011) [9]

West Bengal

(Urban)

248

248 women were detected positive for HIV. Only 46 live births were tested for HIV and the transmission rate was 2.1% (1/46).

4

Gupta et al. (2013) [10]

Maharashtra

(NM)

217

18 women tested HIV positive, leading to a transmission rate of 8.3%. The transmission rate among HIV infected parents who followed the PPTCT protocol was 5.2% vs 17.5% among those who did not.

5

Gupta et al. (2007) [11]

Maharashtra

(Urban)

41

Of the 41 infants who received nevirapine prophylaxis, the overall transmission rate up to the age of one year was 8%. The transmission rate in exclusively formula fed infants was 3.1% (1/31) vs 30% (3/10) in the mixed feeding group.

6

Jain et al. (2011) [12]

Gujarat

(Urban)

326

The transmission rate among those who received ARV prophylaxis was 5.2% (14/270) vs 41.1% (23/56) among those who did not.

7

Joshi et al. (2010) [13]

Gujarat

(Urban)

541

The HIV transmission rate among infants delivered through cesarean section was 2.9% (1/35) and 4.1% (2/49) for vaginal delivery at 18 months of age. With respect to feeding practice the transmission rate was 25% for those in the mixed feeding group, 2.4% for those exclusively breast fed and 0% for those exclusively formula fed.

8

Joshi et al. (2011) [14]

Gujarat

(Urban)

81

Among infants who received single dose nevirapine prophylaxis and tested for HIV at age one year, the transmission rate was 3.1%. 1/32).

9

Mandal et al. (2010) [15]

West Bengal

(Rural)

19794

Among parent child pair who received nevirapine with exclusive formula feeding, and tested at at 18 months of age, the transmission rate was 15.0% versus 57.2% in absence of both the interventions.

10

Merchant et al. (2001) [16]

West Bengal

(Urban)

92

Among children who received single dose nevirapine prophylaxis and tested at 18 months of age, the transmission rate was 5.9% (4/68) vs 24.0% (55/229) among those who did not receive prophylaxis.

11

Omen et al. (2011) [17]

West Bengal

(Urban)

1890

The HIV transmission rate in the single dose prophylaxis group (10.4%) was higher than in the extended dose regimen group (8.9%). But, the difference was not statistically significant [risk ratio: 0.87%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65 - 1.15]. Cumulative mortality in the extended dose regimen group was also significantly less (risk ratio = 0.53, 95% CI 0.32, 0.85) than in the single dose regimen group

12

Read et al. (2010) [18]

Tamil Nadu

(Rural)

780

The parent to child HIV-1 transmission rate of was 6.5% (95% CI: 1.4% - 17.9%).

13

Seth A. et al. (2012) [19]

North India

(Urban)

162

The HIV transmission rate was 14.8%.

14

Shah et al. (2006) [20]

Maharashtra

(Urban)

222

The HIV transmission rate for infants delivered through cesarean section was 1.1% (2/174). And for vaginal delivery it was 2.1% (1/48). Thus, elective cesarean section was not statistically better as compared to vaginal delivery (p = 0.8696) in presence of ART during pregnancy and absolute formula feeding during first six months.

15

SWEN study team (2008) [21]

Maharashtra

(Urban)

770

The HIV transmission rate at 6 months of age among HIV exposed infant who received single dose nevirapine prophylaxis was 9.6 % (87/901) whereas it was 6.3% (62/986) among those who received extended dose regimen. relative risk of acquiring HIV in infants was 0.80 (RR = 0.80, 95% C.I. 0.58 - 1.10) when given extended dose regimen as compared to a single dose regimen

16

Chaudhary et al. (2010) [22]

West Bengal

(Urban)

47506

Of the 11 children who had received single dose nevirapine prophylaxis, three (27.3%) were HIV positive at 18 months of age.

17

Ahir et al. (2013) [23]

Maharashtra

(Urban)

58

At the end of 18 months two of 58 children (3.5%) were HIV positive whose parents were on nevirapine prophylaxis.

18

Gupta et al. (2011) [24]

Maharashtra

(Urban)

783

Of 33 parents with TB, 10 (30%) transmitted HIV to their infants compared to 87 of 750 parents without TB (12%)

Treatment of children living with HIV