Type 1 diabetes (A)

GDM or later Type 2 diabetes (B)

Non-diabetes (C)

p-Value (A and C)

p-Value (B and C)

Number of women

45

228

14,583

NT

NT

Number of newborns

81

455

30,023

NT

NT

Age at first pregnancy (yr)

26.9; n = 46

26.7; n = 171

26.9; n = 13,079

p = NS

p = NS

Parity

1.8 ± 0.8

2.0 ± 1.1

2.1 ± 1.0

p = 0.04

p = NS

Smoking during pregnancy (%)

7.4; n = 6

13.2; n = 60

12.1; n = 3641

NS

NS

Mean weight at beginning of pregnancy (kg)

67.2 ± 13.0; n = 44

69.2 ± 13.9; n = 170

63.2 ± 10.4; n = 13,394

p = 0.01

p < 0.001

Mean BMI (kg/m²)

24.2 ± 4.5; n = 41

25.2 ± 5.1; n = 166

22.7 ± 3.4; n = 12,874

p = 0.003

p < 0.001