| Demographic characteristics | Total (n = 125) | Group participants (n = 65) | Non-participants (n = 60) | Test | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p-value α | p-value β | |
| Age (mean ± S.D.) | 74.36 ± 9.00 | 70.77 ± 7.63 | 78.25 ± 8.82 | <0.001** |
|
| 55 - 64 | 16 (12.8) | 11 (16.9) | 5 (8.3) |
|
|
| 65 - 74 | 52 (41.6) | 33 (50.8) | 19 (31.7) |
|
|
| 75 - 84 | 33 (26.4) | 17 (26.2) | 16 (26.7) |
|
|
| >84 | 24 (19.8) | 4 (6.2) | 20 (33.3) |
|
|
| Gender |
|
|
|
| 0.020* |
| Male | 39 (31.2) | 25 (64.1) | 14 (35.9) |
|
|
| Female | 86 (68.8) | 40 (46.5) | 46 (53.5) |
|
|
| Family status |
|
|
|
| 0.005* |
| Live alone | 27 (21.6) | 12 (18.5) | 15 (25.0) |
|
|
| Live with partner | 28 (22.4) | 16 (26.6) | 12 (20.0) |
|
|
| Live with sons and/or daughters | 29 (23.2) | 13 (20.0) | 16 (26.7) |
|
|
| Live with partner, sons and/or daughters | 26 (20.8) | 21 (32.3) | 5 (8.3) |
|
|
| Live with relatives or friends | 13 (10.4) | 3 (4.6) | 10 (16.7) |
|
|
| Others | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.3) |
|
|
| Family relationship |
|
|
| 0.803 |
|
| Bad | 3 (2.4) | 1 (1.5) | 2 (3.3) |
|
|
| Average | 33 (26.4) | 17 (26.2) | 16 (26.7) |
|
|
| Good | 62 (49.6) | 35 (53.8) | 27 (45.0) |
|
|
| Very good | 27 (21.6) | 12 (18.5) | 15 (25.0) |
|
|
| Marital status |
|
|
|
| 0.006* |
| Single | 6 (4.8) | 2 (3.1) | 4 (6.7) |
|
|
| Married | 62 (49.6) | 42 (64.6) | 20 (33.3) |
|
|
| Divorced | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) |
|
|
| Separated | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) |
|
|
| Widowed | 55 (44.0) | 20 (30.8) | 35 (58.3) |
|
|
| Education level |
|
|
| <0.001** |
|
| Uneducated | 27 (21.6) | 5 (7.7) | 22 (36.7) |
|
|
| Primary school level | 30 (24.0) | 13 (20.0) | 17 (28.3) |
|
|
| Secondary school level | 37 (29.6) | 28 (43.1) | 9 (15.0) |
|
|
| Undergraduate or above | 31 (24.8) | 19 (29.2) | 12 (20.0) |
|
|
| Previous occupation |
|
|
|
| 0.031* |
| Labor | 68 (54.4) | 31 (47.7) | 37 (61.7) |
|
|
| Civil | 15 (12) | 9 (13.8) | 6 (10.0) |
|
|
| Profession | 27 (21.6) | 20 (30.8) | 7 (11.7) |
|
|
| Housewife | 15 (12) | 5 (7.7) | 10 (16.7) |
|
|
| Living environment |
|
|
|
| 0.058 |
| No comment | 11 (8.8) | 4 (6.2) | 7 (11.7) |
|
|
| Satisfied | 109 (87.2) | 56 (86.2) | 53 (88.3) |
|
|
| Unsatisfied | 5 (4.0) | 5 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) |
|
|
| Transportation to place of residence |
|
|
|
| 0.164 |
| No comment | 6 (4.8) | 2 (3.1) | 4 (6.7) |
|
|
| Satisfied | 116 (92.8) | 60 (92.3) | 56 (93.3) |
|
|
| Unsatisfied | 3 (2.4) | 3 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) |
|
|