Determinants

Provincial Level

Federal Level

Municipal Level

Performance & Integrity

B (SE)

B (SE)

B (SE)

Specific support (for political authorities, institutions, and the workings of democracy)

.46*** (.05)

.61*** (.06)

.55*** (.05)

Integrity of political authorities (honest and ethical)

.16*** (.04)

.28*** (.05)

.13** (.04)

Cynicism (high)

−.11** (.04)

−.12** (.04)

−.20*** (.04)

Structural and cultural factors

Cognitive mobilization (high)

.07 (.04)

.00 (.04)

.05 (.04)

Efficacy gap (high internal)

−.06 (.05)

−.09 (.05)

−.07 (.05)

Media exposure (high)

−.02 (.05)

−.09 (.05)

.03 (.05)

Post-materialist (vs. materialist)

−.05* (.02)

.00 (.02)

−.03 (.02)

Deferential (high)

.02 (.02)

.07** (.02)

−.01 (.02)

Inter-personal trust (high)

.02 (.01)

−.00 (.01)

−.01 (.01)

Contextual factors

Sex (female)

−.00 (.01)

−.01 (.01)

−.00 (.02)

Nationalist

.06** (.02)

.05* (.02)

.03 (.02)

Federalist

.05** (.02)

.03 (.02)

.01 (.02)

English

−.13*** (.02)

−.09*** (.02)

−.08** (.02)

Allophone

−.13*** (.04)

−.02 (.04)

−.02 (.04)

Immigrant

.03 (.03)

−.00 (.02)

.01 (.03)

Age (young)

.03 (.02)

.02 (.02)

.00 (.02)

Income (high)

−.00 (.02)

.03 (.02)

.01 (.02)

Constant

.41

.22

.40

R2

.38

.47

.43

n

834

841

838