▫ Stage 1 (Norwood): Neoaorta formation and pulmonary flow through systemic pulmonary fistula (Blalock-Taussig) or from the right ventricle through the pulmonary trunk (Sano)

▪ Low cardiac output.

▪ High Qp:Qs.

▪ Low Qp:Qs.

▪ Residual aortic arch stenosis.

▪ AV valve dysfunction.

▫ Stage 2 (Glenn): Bidirectional cavo-pulmonary anastomosys:

▪ Cyanosis.

▪ Arterial hypertension.

▪ Pleural effusion.

▪ Superior vena cava syndrome.

▫ Stage 3 (Fontan): Bicavo (superior and inferior)―Pulmonary anastomosys:

▪ Third space fluid loss.

▪ Cyanosis.

▪ Low cardiac output.

▪ Arrhythmias.