Japan

Thailand

Activities, such as residents’ association

Yes (N = 24)

No (N = 210)

Yes (N = 1)

No (N = 199)

Main effect (in Japan and Thailand)

Main effect (events)

Interaction

M

SD

M

SD

M

SD

M

SD

F

F

F

Attitude toward own aging

3.00

1.38

2.93

1.42

2.00

0.00

2.27

1.36

1.35

0.02

0.06

Agitation

4.42

1.50

4.08

1.81

2.00

0.00

3.51

1.42

3.20

0.50

1.23

Lonely dissatisfaction

5.08

1.32

4.82

1.40

5.00

0.00

4.63

1.37

0.04

0.20

0.01

Sum

12.50

3.53

11.83

3.82

9.00

0.00

10.42

3.29

1.81

0.04

0.32

Accumulated knowledge and technology

Yes (N = 12)

No (N = 222)

Yes (N = 3)

No (N = 197)

Attitude toward own aging

3.33

1.37

2.91

1.42

4.00

1.00

2.24

1.34

0.00

5.82^*

2.20

Agitation

4.17

1.85

4.11

1.78

3.33

2.89

3.51

1.41

1.83

0.01

0.05

Lonely dissatisfaction

5.00

1.21

4.84

1.40

5.33

1.16

4.62

1.37

0.02

0.92

0.37

Sum

12.50

3.53

11.87

3.81

12.67

4.16

10.38

3.27

0.33

1.58

0.51