Construct

Item

Source

Experience (XP)

XP1: I think that using CLP would improve my business performance.

XP2: I think CLP is advantageous to my business

XP3: Using CLP increases my productivity

XP4: Using CLP increases my efficiency in serving my customers

XP5: Using CLP has increased my customer base

XP6: Using CLP provides me with extra income

( Abdullah & Ward, 2016 ; Sorce & Issa, 2021 )

Self Efficacy (SE)

SE1: Learning how to use CLP is easy for me

SE2: I find CLP time sensitive and easy to use

SE3: My interaction with CLP is clear and understandable

SE4: It is easy for me to adapt to CLP and become skillful at its use

SE5: I can easily become a CL supplier or consumer

( Abdullah & Ward, 2016 ; Sorce & Issa, 2021 )

Subjective Norms (SN)

SN1: People who are important to (friends, family etc.) think I should use CLP

SN2: People who influence my behavior (customers, competitors, etc) think I should use CLP in my business

SN3: Most people surrounding me use CLP in their business

SN4: In general the African community is supportive of the use of CLP in business

( Abdullah & Ward, 2016 ; Sorce & Issa, 2021 )

Computer Anxiety (CA)

CA1: I have the resources (e.g. devices, internet or apps) necessary to use CLP

CA2: I have the knowledge necessary to use CLP

( Abdullah & Ward, 2016 ; Sorce & Issa, 2021 )

Perceived Enjoyment (PE)

CA3: Using CLP is fun and enjoyable

CA4: Using CLP is entertaining

CA5: Using CLP is adventurous

( Abdullah & Ward, 2016 ; Sorce & Issa, 2021 )

Perceived Risk (PR)

PR1: On the whole considering all factors involved, using CLP would be risky to my business

PR2: CLP are dangerous

PR3: I think using CLP would add great uncertainty to my business

( Chin et al., 2015 ; Lai, 2017 )

Crowd Logistics Platforms (CLP)

CLP1: I have used CLP before in my business

CLP2: I intend to continue using CLP in the future (or keep using it)

CLP3: I predict I will use CLP in my business in next few months

CLP4: I think CLP is an important mechanism to run my business

( Abdullah & Ward, 2016 ; Sorce & Issa, 2021 )