| Table Column Head | |||
| Variables | Sources | Abbreviations | Description |
| Legal right strength (measure of domestic institutions) | World Bank data | Measured using percentage of cases concluded in courts per year. | |
| No. of phone lines (measure of domestic institutions) | World Bank data | Total annual aggregate of the number of phone lines in use in regions. | |
| Domestic institutions index | Authors | D. Inst. | Constructed by author using principa component analysis. |
| World Trade Organization dummy (measure of international institutions) | Authors | WTO dummy | Dummy for membership and participation in World Trade Organization. |
| Multilateral Aid (measure of international institutions) | World Bank data | Inflow of multilateral development assistance in USD to capabilities that can facilitate trade. | |
| International institutions index | Authors | I. Inst. | Constructed by author using principal component analysis |
| Exchange rate | World Bank data | Average local currency dollar exchange rates. | |
| Foreign direct investment | World Bank data | FDI | Inflow of foreign direct investment to countries in regions in USD. |
| Market Access | World Bank data | Marketacc | Cost of transportation to local and foreign markets captured using crude price multiplied by regional size. |
| Market size | World Bank data | Marketsize (gdppercap) | Market size was captured using regional GDP per capital strength in USD. |
| Average tariffs | World Bank data | Avetariffs | This was regional average tariffs on imported commodities in regions. |