Unit Level

Manager expectations and actions promoting safety

631

73 (30)

3.87 (0.64)

0.413

<0.001

Organisational learning and continuous improvement

628

53 (34)

3.50 (0.60)

0.418

<0.001

Teamwork within hospital units

631

79 (28)

4.04 (0.54)

0.280

<0.001

Communication openness

631

71 (33)

3.85 (0.62)

0.503

<0.001

Feedback and communication about error

631

48 (35)

3.39 (0.75)

-

-

Non-punitive response to error

631

80 (29)

4.00 (0.61)

0.239

<0.001

Staffing

631

56 (29)

3.55 (0.59)

0.153

<0.001

Hospital Level

Hospital management support for patient safety

616

32 (35)

3.05 (0.74)

0.351

<0.001

Teamwork across hospital units

627

44 (33)

3.35 (0.53)

0.336

<0.001

Hospital handoffs and transitions

622

54 (33)

3.51 (0.55)

0.206

<0.001

Outcome

Overall perceptions of safety

630

64 (32)

3.67 (0.62)

0.312

<0.001

Frequency of event reporting

631

22 (33)

2.81 (0.78)

-

-

Patient safety grade (Single item)

623

Excellent

15 (2.4)

Very good

404 (64.8)

Acceptable

192 (30.8)

Poor

12 (1.9)

Failing

0

−0.347

<0.001

Number of events reported (Single item)

625

No reports

260 (41.6)

1 - 2 reports

237 (37.9)

3 - 5 reports

88 (14.1)

6 - 10 reports

24 (3.8)

11 - 20 reports

12 (1.9)

≥21 reports

4 (0.6)

0.123

0.002