Study variables

Chi square (X²), (df) (P-value))

Areas of residence

Designation

Type of antimicrobial agents stoked by the farmers

157.572 (75) (0.000*)

55.052 (30) (0.04*)

Type/class of antimicrobial currently used by farmers

181.069 (80) (0.000*)

59.393 (32) (0.02*)

Use of antimicrobial to treat Diarrhea (Profuse, acute, Chronic)

190.117 (80) (0.000*)

60.229 (32) (0.02*)

Use of antimicrobial to treat sudden death

188.834 (85) (0.000*)

46.163 (34) (0.80*)

Use of antimicrobial to treat emaciation

192.520 (80) (0.000*)

42.273 (32) (0.105*)

Use of antimicrobial to treat swelling eyes with watery discharge

260.757 (85) (0.000*)

75.306 (34) (0.000*)

What production type of birds do you have?

53.102 (15) (0.000*)

163.557 (6) (0.000*)

What type of records do you keep?

30.002 (15) (0.012*)

20.134 (6) (0.003*)

Who carries diagnosis of sick birds/tells bird are sick

59.354 (25) (0.000*)

How do you tell that the birds are sick?

48.668 (25) (0.003*)

Who does the treatment of your sick birds?

87.087 (20) (0.000*)

18.303 (8) (0.019*)

What is your source of antimicrobial?

32.612 (20) (0.037*)

How were the antimicrobial obtained?

22.425 (10) (0.013*)

If yes, From who?

48.857 (25) (0.003*)

What are the major challenges in accessing antimicrobial agents?

38.877 (25) (0.038*)

What challenges are there regarding the use of antimicrobials?

82.037 (15) (0.000*)

13.715 (6) (0.033*)

What are the challenges regarding dosage formulation?

45.720 (15) (0.000*)

What are some of the challenges regarding the service provider?

53.903 (15) (0.000*)

22.242 (6) (0.001*)

Why do you think it is important to observe withdraw periods

58.650 (30) (0.001*)

Knowledge on effect of drug residues presence in poultry products

82.579 (35) (0.000*)

What are the possible solutions to the above-mentioned challenges facing poultry farmers on the use of antimicrobial in Kenya?

139.771 (50) (0.000*)

32.937 (20) (0.034*)