General Complications |
-Residual defects: leading to various degrees of left to right shunt. |
-Pulmonary hypertension: this is the most predictable complication in older patients who had time to develop pulmonary vascular disease, in neonates and in patients with pulmonary venous obstruction. |
-Arrhythmias: any arrhythmia can occur after any cardiac surgical procedure, but the patients with ventricular or atrioventricular septal defects have a greater risk of complete heart block (CHB) and junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET). |
Specific Complications |
▪ Repair of atrial septal defects |
-Sinus-Node dysfunction. |
-Acute left-ventricular failure (in older children and adults). |
▪ Repair of ventricular septal defects |
-Pulmonary Hypertension. |
-Arrhythmias: JET and CHB. |
-Insufficiency or stenosis of the right atrioventricular valve. |
▪ Ligation of patent ductus arteriosus |
-Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. |
-Damage or ligation of the left pulmonary artery or aorta. |
▪ Repair of truncus arteriosus |
-Pulmonary hypertension. |
-Truncal valve stenosis or regurgitation. |
-Right ventricular dysfunction. |
▪ Repair of aorto-pulmonary window |
-Pulmonary hypertension. |
▪ Repair of anomalous pulmonary venous return |
-Pulmonary hypertension. |
-Arrhythmias. |
-Residual stenosis of the pulmonary veins or anastomosis. |
-High left ventricular filling pressures due to the small size of the left chambers. |