Heart disease

Yes

50

41.9 ± 9.5

−2.587*

50.6 ± 6.7

−1.052

No

563

45.5 ± 7.5

51.5 ± 5.8

Stroke

Yes

8

44.6 ± 8.4

−0.225

54.2 ± 5.5

1.336

No

605

45.2 ± 7.7

51.4 ± 5.9

Cancer

Yes

27

42.0 ± 8.1

−2.174*

50.2 ± 6.6

−1.039

No

586

45.3±7.7

51.5 ± 5.9

Gastrointestinal disease

Yes

51

41.7 ± 7.6

−3.361***

49.5 ± 7.4

−1.922

No

562

45.5 ± 7.7

51.6 ± 5.7

Osteoarthritis

Yes

82

40.4 ± 8.6

−5.542***

50.8 ± 7.1

−0.986

No

531

45.9 ± 7.3

51.5 ± 5.7

Lower back pain

Yes

182

41.4 ± 7.3

−8.362***

50.3 ± 7.0

−2.774**

No

431

46.8 ± 7.3

51.9 ± 5.3

Headache

Yes

14

37.5 ± 9.2

−3.783***

45.4 ± 8.9

−2.583*

No

599

45.3 ± 7.6

51.5 ± 5.8

Knee pain

Yes

171

41.3 ± 7.6

−8.027***

51.1 ± 6.8

-0.657

No

442

46.6 ± 7.2

51.5 ± 5.5

Difficulty seeing

Yes

117

43.5 ± 7.8

−2.669*

50.1 ± 6.7

−2.306*

No

496

45.6 ± 7.7

51.7 ± 5.7

Difficulty hearing

Yes

112

43.2 ± 7.9

−3.036**

50.4 ± 7.0

−1.821

No

501

45.6 ± 7.6

51.6 ± 5.6

Other disease

Yes

44

45.4 ± 7.9

0.198

50.6 ± 6.5

−0.895

No

569

45.1 ± 7.7

51.5 ± 5.9

Eligible for long-term care

Yes

13

32.8 ± 10.9

−4.140**

50.5 ± 4.8

−0.574

No

592

45.4 ± 7.4

51.4 ± 5.9