Mean ± SD

n

BL

6M

12M

p value

[6-month program]

Self-efficacy

343

74.6 ± 9.9

76.9 ± 9.1

<0.001^***

QOL; Quality of life

301

3.20 ± 0.56

3.33 ± 0.60

0.001^**

QOL; Satisfaction level of health

302

2.93 ± 0.74

3.17 ± 0.74

<0.001^***

[12-month program]

Self-efficacy

122

72.4 ± 9.7

74.6 ± 10.5

74.7 ± 9.8

0.004^**

QOL; Quality of life

80

2.99 ± 0.61

3.19 ± 0.60

3.26 ± 0.61

0.003^**

QOL; Satisfaction level of health

80

2.66 ± 0.86

2.93 ± 0.79

3.03 ± 0.87

<0.001^***