Level | Difference | ||||||
Variables | Types of tests | With constant | With constant and trend | Without trend and constant | With constant | With constant and trend | Without trend and constant |
DS | ADF | −4.005*** (0.0001) | −4.371*** (0.0024) | −2.031** | −4.253*** (0.0000) | −4.225*** (0.0041) | −4.271*** |
PP | −2.0.60 (0.2611) | −2.267 (0.4523) | −1.203 | −4.014*** (0.0013) | −3.988*** (0.0091) | −4.031*** | |
KPSS | 0.421*** | 0.0612*** | 0.0354*** | 0.0355*** | |||
PP | ADF | −2.071** (0.0210) | −2.158 (0.5138) | −0.612 | −3.219*** (0.0010) | −3.337* (0.0603) | −3.215*** |
PP | −1.489 (0.5390) | −0.242 (0.9908) | −0.048 | −3.164** (0.221) | −3.260* (0.0730) | −3.159*** | |
KPSS | 1.21 | 0.303 | 0.317*** | 0.104*** | |||
Int | ADF | −2.851*** (0.0028) | −3.458** (0.0441) | −2.465** | −3.900*** (0.0001) | −4.075*** (0.0065) | −3.750*** |
PP | −1.978 (0.2962) | −1.646 (0.7737) | −2.415** | −3.729*** (37) | −3.846** (0.0144) | −3.616*** | |
KPSS | 1.39 | 0.261 | 0.147*** | 0.0405*** | |||
Teer | ADF | −2.637*** (0.0051) | −2.719 (0.2284) | −0.109 | −3.102*** (0.0014) | −3.084 (0.1102) | −3.138*** |
PP | −1.119 (0.6740) | −1.279 (0.8931) | −0.504 | −3.040** (0.0313) | −3.020 (0.1266) | −3.073*** | |
KPSS | 0.494 | 0.327 | 0.136*** | 0.14** |