Africa

Asia

Central America and the Caribbean

Former USSR and Eastern Europe

MENA

South America

OECD

Short run coefficients

f_i

−0.135^***

(−8.94)

−0.370^***

(−12.83)

−0.224^***

(−8.95)

−0.328^***

(−9.88)

−0.273^***

(−8.02)

−0.288^***

(−7.94)

−0.142^***

(−8.06)

GDP/POP

0.240^***

(2.76)

−0.010

(−0.09)

−0.078

(−0.68)

0.246

(1.23)

−0.011

(−0.08)

−0.099

(−0.44)

0.392^***

(2.15)

Squared GDP/POP

−0.008

(−0.55)

0.005^**

(1.97)

0.011^**

(2.14)

−0.015

(−1.33)

0.001

(0.09)

0.021

(1.17)

−0.003

(−0.79)

Investment/pop

−0.022

(−0.45)

0.209^***

(5.03)

0.074

(1.32)

0.228

(2.04)

−0.291^***

(−4.96)

−0.026

(−0.50)

0.159^***

(3.36)

FDI/pop

−0.483^***

(−3.27)

0.143

(1.53)

−0.133

(−0.97)

−0.157^***

(−1.92)

−0.918^***

(−4.57)

−0.386

(−1.53)

−0.009

(−0.50)

Trade openness

−0.022

(−0.32)

−0.116

(−1.04)

−0.295

(−1.53)

−0.083

(−0.29)

0.105

(0.24)

−0.122

(−0.89)

0.283

(1.11)