Africa

Asia

Central America and the Caribbean

Former USSR and Eastern Europe

MENA

South America

OECD

Long run coefficients

GDP/POP

0.715^***

(4.18)

0.789^***

(9.77)

0.125

(0.62)

0.032

(0.19)

0.168

(0.73)

−0.165

(−0.60)

0.426^***

(2.98)

Squared GDP/POP

−0.040^***

(−4.40)

−0.020^***

(−7.22)

0.026^***

(2.78)

−0.004

(−0.54)

0.022^***

(3.94)

0.021

(0.85)

−0.009^***

(−3.24)

Investment/pop

0.345

(1.06)

0.280^***

(3.36)

0.294^**

(1.83)

0.367^**

(2.66)

0.164

(1.11)

−0.079

(−0.69)

0.272^*

(1.68)

FDI/pop

8.407^***

(5.66)

−1.003^***

(−3.62)

0.205

(0.50)

0.451^**

(2.35)

3.962^***

(4.82)

3.020^***

(4.05)

−0.161

(−1.14)

Trade openness

0.168

(0.50)

0.233

(1.06)

−0.039

(−0.07)

−0.067

(−0.11)

0.959

(0.90)

0.541^**

(2.06)

−1.733^*

(−1.74)

Constant

−0.072

(−1.35)

−0.153^***

(−2.20)

0.091

(0.47)

2.034^***

(5.51)

0.511^*

(1.73)

0.507^***

(2.54)

0.606^***

(3.19)