Variant nature

Variant name

Variant explanation

Explained variant

logAF

Logarithm of audit fee

Explaining variants

SBD

Scale of board of director

ID

Scale of independent directors

IDP

Ratio of independent directors

SR

Separation of two rights

CR

Concentration of ownership

DS

Consolidation of two rights or not

SSH

Shareholding ratio of senior executive

MSH

Shareholding ratio of board of directors

DCSH

Nature of direct controlling shareholders and ratio of controlling share ratio

Control variant

Lnsize

Scale of audited company

IR

Ratio of stock in total asset

RR

Ratio of accounts receivable in total asset

Lev

Asset-liability ratio

NPL

Non-recurring loss and profit