Preadult | Adult | t | p | Cohen’s d | |||
M | SD | M | SD | ||||
Declarative | 6.22 | 1.72 | 6.76 | 1.37 | 2.46 | .007 | −.32 |
Procedural | 3.53 | 1.09 | 4.01 | .98 | 3.42 | <.001 | −.45 |
Conditional | 4.41 | 1.17 | 4.92 | 1.12 | 3.29 | <.001 | −.43 |
Metacognitive Knowledge | 14.17 | 3.31 | 15.69 | 2.73 | 3.61 | <.001 | −.47 |
Planning | 5.67 | 2.39 | 6.94 | 2.31 | 4.81 | <.001 | −.54 |
Information Management | 8.62 | 2.38 | 9.82 | 2.37 | 3.81 | <.001 | −.50 |
Comprehension Monitoring | 5.98 | 2.05 | 6.75 | 1.76 | 2.93 | .002 | −.39 |
Debugging | 4.74 | .95 | 4.97 | .84 | 1.93 | .027 | −.25 |
Evaluation | 4.80 | 2.06 | 5.81 | 1.99 | 3.71 | <.001 | −.48 |
Metacognitive Regulation | 29.81 | 8.70 | 34.29 | 8.31 | 3.95 | <.001 | −.51 |
Study Approach |
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Deep | 21.99 | 4.16 | 23.39 | 3.61 | 2.61 | .005 | −.34 |
Strategic | 21.75 | 4.80 | 23.89 | 5.50 | 3.30 | <.001 | −.43 |
Surface | 19.49 | 4.95 | 16.44 | 6.14 | 4.44 | <.001 | .58 |
GPA | 3.25 | .54 | 3.15 | .49 | 1.45 | .075 | .20 |