Preadult

Adult

t

p

Cohen’s d

M

SD

M

SD

Declarative

6.22

1.72

6.76

1.37

2.46

.007

−.32

Procedural

3.53

1.09

4.01

.98

3.42

<.001

−.45

Conditional

4.41

1.17

4.92

1.12

3.29

<.001

−.43

Metacognitive Knowledge

14.17

3.31

15.69

2.73

3.61

<.001

−.47

Planning

5.67

2.39

6.94

2.31

4.81

<.001

−.54

Information Management

8.62

2.38

9.82

2.37

3.81

<.001

−.50

Comprehension Monitoring

5.98

2.05

6.75

1.76

2.93

.002

−.39

Debugging

4.74

.95

4.97

.84

1.93

.027

−.25

Evaluation

4.80

2.06

5.81

1.99

3.71

<.001

−.48

Metacognitive Regulation

29.81

8.70

34.29

8.31

3.95

<.001

−.51

Study Approach

Deep

21.99

4.16

23.39

3.61

2.61

.005

−.34

Strategic

21.75

4.80

23.89

5.50

3.30

<.001

−.43

Surface

19.49

4.95

16.44

6.14

4.44

<.001

.58

GPA

3.25

.54

3.15

.49

1.45

.075

.20