Byproduct material

Particle-size fraction

Hydraulic conductivity

p-value*

Average

Variance

mm

cm∙min−1

Red mud iron filter cake

<6

10.6

14.6

0.14

<12.5

16.3

45.9

0.02

Water treatment residual

<6

8.0

4.1

0.44

<12.5

43.1

684.8

0.05