TID (n = 276)

Control (n = 100)

p Value

Age (years)

14 [11, 16]

11.2 [7.1, 14]

<0.001

Gender (% female)

45

35

0.092

Race/Ethnicity (% Caucasian, non-Hispanic) (% African American) (% Other)

85

10

5

67

20

13

<0.001

BMI z-score

0.7 [−0.008, 1.4]

0.5 [−0.5, 1.6]

0.44

UV30^*

5.7 [2.0, 7.8]

6.8 [3.0, 9.1]

0.021

Regular supplementation with multivitamin (%)

11

28

<0.001

Duration of T1D (years)

4.9 [2.8, 9.2]

-

HbA1c at time of 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurement (%, mmol/mol)

8.6 [7.9, 9.8]

70 [63, 84]

-

Two year average HbA1c (%, mmol/mol)

8.6 [7.9, 9.4]

70 [63, 79]

-

Insulin pump use (%)

52

-

Total insulin dose (unit/kg/day)

0.94 [0.74, 1.16]

-