Cupcake formula^■	Substitution ratio (%)	Quality indicators/storage period
		TBA [malonaldehyde kg⁻¹]			Staling [%]
		0 day	5 days	8 days	0 days	5 days	8 days
WF	0	0.166 ± 0.00^Ac	0.260 ± 0.03^Bffg	0.330 ± 0.03^Cc	329 ± 7.07^Cab	280 ± 2.83^Ba	212 ± 8.49^Aa
WF-PPH	5	0.164 ± 0.02^Ac	0.182 ± 0.03^Bab	0.333 ± 0.03^Cc	361 ± 12.73^Bab	355 ± 7.07^Bbc	330 ± 14.14^Abc
	10	0.182 ± 0.04^Ad	0.252 ± 0.03^Be	0.361 ± 0.04^Cd	381 ± 4.24^Cb	346 ± 8.49^Bbc	307 ± 12.73^Abc
	15	0.179 ± 0.03^Ad	0.208 ± 0.06^Bbc	0.354 ± 0.04^Cd	471 ± 21.21^Cc	436 ± 14.14^Bcd	385 ± 35.36^Ac
	20	0.182 ± 0.03^Ad	0.213 ± 0.03^Bc	0.356 ± 0.01^Cd	499 ± 15.56^Cd	433 ± 7.07^Bcd	407 ± 4.24^Ad
WF-PPR	5	0.169 ± 0.03^Acd	0.221 ± 0.02^Bcd	0.286 ± 0.07^Cb	397 ± 35.36^Cbc	377 ± 4.24^Bbc	360 ± 2.83^Adcd
	10	0.156 ± 0.05^Abc	0.203 ± 0.06^Bbc	0.255 ± 0.04^Ca	442 ± 39.60^Cc	378 ± 22.63^Bbc	342 ± 14.14^Abc
	15	0.135 ± 0.03^Aa	0.229 ± 0.03^Bcd	0.268 ± 0.04^Cab	466 ± 14.14^Ccd	408 ± 16.97^Bc	398 ± 11.31^Acd
	20	0.169 ± 0.01^Acd	0.226 ± 0.05^Bcd	0.273 ± 0.05^Cb	503 ± 9.90^Cd	481 ± 9.90^Bd	391 ± 12.73^Acd