Cupcake formula^■

Substitution level (%)

Microbiological attributes^*/storage period

TBC [log CFU g⁻¹]

Y & M [log CFU g⁻¹]

0 day

5 days

8 days

0 day

5 days

8 days

WF

0

2.08 ± 0.14^Ab

2.76 ± 0.33^Ba

5.23 ± 0.03^Ca

nd

1.54 ± 0.26^Aa

3.71 ± 0.35^Ba

WF-PPH

5

2.12 ± 0.16^Abc

3.84 ± 0.36^Bc

5.90 ± 0.14^Cb

nd

1.57 ± 0.10^Aa

4.03 ± 0.05^Bb

10

2.17 ± 0.11^Ac

4.07 ± 0.11^Bde

5.99 ± 0.07^Cbc

nd

1.79 ± 0.16^Ac

4.72 ± 0.19^Bd

15

2.18 ± 0.07^Ac

4.14 ± 0.02^Be

6.09 ± 0.06^Cc

nd

1.83 ± 0.27^Ad

5.09 ± 0.21^Bf

20

2.07 ± 0.11^Ab

3.93 ± 0.04^Bc

6.30 ± 0.03^Cd

nd

1.82 ± 0.07^Ad

4.98 ± 0.41^Be

WF-PPR

5

1.95 ± 0.12^Aa

3.54 ± 0.21^Bb

5.92 ± 0.14^Cbc

nd

1.62 ± 0.22^Ab

5.33 ± 0.05^Bh

10

2.06 ± 0.09^Ab

3.94 ± 0.09^Bcd

6.00 ± 0.06^Cc

nd

1.86 ± 0.03^Ade

4.32 ± 0.14^Bc

15

2.17 ± 0.14^Ac

4.04 ± 0.02^Bd

6.24 ± 0.14^Cd

nd

1.96 ± 0.11^Ae

5.04 ± 0.06^Bg

20

2.22 ± 0.08^Ac

3.48 ± 0.14^Bb

6.28 ± 0.03^Cd

nd

1.87 ± 0.09^Ad

5.17 ± 0.18^Bg