| Metabolic diseases | Changes of Gut Microbiota | Animal model | Clinical research | Reference |
| Obesity | Increase in Prevotella, Megamonas, Fusobacterium and Blautia Decrease in Faecalibacterium, Parabacteroides Bifidobacterium and Alistipes |
| yes | [42] [43] |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Increase in Escherichia coli, some Clostridium species, Bacteroides caccae and Eggerthella lenta, Parabacteroides Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella Decrease in Eubacterium rectale, Clostridium SS3/4, faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium intestinalis, Bacillus lactis, Prevotella, ruminococcaceae, Roseburia, faecalibacterium |
| yes | [16] [24] |
| Hypertension | Increase in Prevotella and Klebsiella Erysipelotrichacea-UCG003 Decrease in faecali, Rothia spp., oscillibacter ruminiclostridium |
| yes | [51] [52] [53] |
| Hyperlipidemia | Increase in LPS producing Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae Decrease in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia akkermansia, Bacteroides, Roseburia and faecalibacterium |
| yes | [58] [59] |
| Hyperuricemia | Increase in Alipipes, Dialister, Roseburia, Gemmiger, Faecalibacterium Decrease in Bifidobacterium, Klebsiella and Clostridium |
| yes | [64] |
| Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | Increase in Firmicutes Actinobacteria murinus Bacteroidaceae Prevotellaceae Proteobacteria Verrucomicrobia Decrease in Actinobacteri Euryarchaeota Lachnospiraceae Ruminococcaceae Lactobacillaceae Deferribacters Bacteroidetes Lactobacillus | yes | yes | [69] [70] [71] [72] |
| Alcoholic fatty liver disease | Increase in Olsenella Eubacterium Acetivibrio ActinobacteriaFirmicutes Coriobacteriaceae Odoribacteriacea Clostridiaceae Dorea Candida spp. Candida albicans Candida dubliniensis Proteobacteria Fusobacteria Fusobacteriaceae Enterobacteriaceae Burkholderiaceae Escherichia-Shigella Decrease in Proteobacteria Bacteroidetes Acinetobacter Anaerotruncus Akkermansia Blautia Epicoccum Unclassified fungi Galactomyce Debaryomyces Ruminococcaceae Faecalibacterium Lachnospira Agathobacter Ruminococcus | yes | yes | [80] [82] |
| Metabolic syndrome | Increase in potentially harmful bacteria Decrease in beneficial bacteria |
| yes | [84] |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | Increase in Prevotella Bacteroides Streptococcus Nocardiaceae and Clostridiaceae Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Oscillibacter, Escherichia/Shigella, Clostridium Decrease in Lactobacillus Ruminococcus Clostridium Akkermansia Ruminococcaceae Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Blautia | yes | yes | [14] [88] [89] |
| Wilsons disease | Increase in Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, cyanobacteria and fusobacteria Decrease in actinomycetes, Firmicutes and verrucomicrobia |
| yes | [92] |
| Osteoporosis | Increase in dialyzers and faecalibacterium, Clostridium hypervirum, faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus and egtaheira Declease in actinomycetes, faecalibacterium, Clostridium cluster xlva and Lactobacillus, Veillonella raoullella |
| yes | [96] [97] [98] |